The idea that literature and psychology which are based on human and the issues related to human in all their historical process should be scientifically explored from each other’s perspective was first suggested by Sigmund Freud. Freud used the literary works as materials to examine their writers and protagonists better; consequently, his approach is known as the psychoanalytic criticism since he examined writers’ and protagonists’ earlier lives, dreams and psychologies through these literary works. In this respect, Afanasy Fet’s work ,“A Dream” could be considered as a very interesting study theme. Fet, who is not as well-known as L. N. Tolstoy and F. M. Dostoyevsky in Turkey, is one of the poets that belong to the literary approach known as the “Clean Art” in 19.th century Russian literature. The poem named “A Dream” has a special place among A. Fet’s works because of its subject matter and its being one of the “clean art” works. The work is about Lieutenant Losev’s vision he dreamt. The reason for us to choose this work which provided a basis for our study is that dreams have big importance regarding psychology, and they are directly connected to sub conscience. Due to the psychoanalytic approach, the works examined can be understood better, and the hidden factors can emerge. We recognize two different sub consciences in this work that is analyzed with psychoanalytic approach: first, a protagonist who is narrating his dream and feelings (Lieutenant Losev) and then Afanasy Fet whose feelings and psychology are reflected on the work. As a result of our analysis, we could say that Afanasy Fet reflected on Lieutenant Losev with regard to the deductions we get through the methods of psychoanalytic criticism. Since the methods of psychoanalytic criticism have not been given enough place in the studies on Russian Literature in Turkey, we believe that our study will be useful in this field.